这15本书入围了今年的普利策奖

作者:NYT教育频道
  来源:NYT教育频道
  The winners of the Pulitzer Prizes, which honor excellence in journalism, arts and letters, were announced on Monday。 Here are reviews of the 15 books that made it to the final round。
  奖励新闻、艺术和文学类优秀作品的普利策奖于周一揭晓。以下是入围决选的15部书籍的书评。
  Fiction
  小说
  Winner: THE OVERSTORY, by Richard Powers (W.W。 Norton)
  获奖作品:《上层林》(The Overstory),理查德·鲍尔斯(Richard Powers)著,诺顿出版社(Norton)
  Our reviewer called this novel a “delightfully choreographed, ultimately breathtaking hoodwink。” One might think, at first, that its tales are about unrelated people, but “standing overhead with outstretched limbs are the real protagonists。 Trees will bring these small lives together into large acts of war, love, loyalty and betrayal。”
  我们的书评人称这部小说“有着精妙的编排,到头来发现是令人惊叹的障眼法。”起初,你或许会以为它的故事是关于不相干的人,但“耸立于上方、伸着绵长枝干的它们是真正的主角。树木会将这些细小的生命聚到一起,形成一幕幕关于战争、爱、忠诚与背叛的壮观故事。”
  THE GREAT BELIEVERS, by Rebecca Makkai (Viking)
  《了不起的信徒》(The Great Believers),丽贝卡·马凯(Rebecca Makkai)著,维京出版社(Viking)
  This is “among the first novels to chronicle the AIDS epidemic from its initial outbreak to the present — among the first, that is, to convey the terrors and tragedies of the epidemic’s early years as well as its course and its repercussions over the decades,” our reviewer wrote。
  这是“率先按时间顺序记载艾滋病从暴发之初直至今日演变历程的小说之一——率先之一,意即它传达了这一传染病最初几年所造成的恐惧与悲剧、其历程及其几十年来所产生的影响,”我们的书评人写道。
  THERE THERE, by Tommy Orange (Alfred A。 Knopf)
  《好了,好了》(There There),汤米·奥兰治(Tommy Orange) 著,阿尔弗莱德·A·克诺普夫出版社(Alfred A。 Knopf)
  “Orange makes Oakland into a ‘there’ that becomes all the more concretely, emphatically and fully so in a novel that deals, in tones that are sweeping and subtle, large-gestured and nuanced, with what the notion of belonging means for Native Americans,” our reviewer wrote。
  “在一部探讨归属这一概念对美洲原住民意味着什么的小说里,橙色让奥克兰变成比任何时候都更具象、更确切、更纯粹的‘那里’——以宏大与微妙兼备、大姿态与小细节并具的基调,”我们的书评人写道。
  History
  历史
  Winner: FREDERICK DOUGLASS: Prophet of Freedom, by David W。 Blight (Simon & Schuster)
  获奖作品:《弗雷德里克·道格拉斯:自由先知》(Frederick Douglass: Prophet of Freedom),戴维·W·布莱特(David W。 Blight)著,西蒙与舒斯特出版社(Simon & Schuster)
  “Douglass cultivated the fiction that he was ‘self-made’ and had sprung fully formed from his own forehead,” our reviewer wrote。 “Blight dismantles this pretense in a tour de force of storytelling and analysis。”
  “道格拉斯构筑了他是‘全靠自己’,并且是突然完整地从自己的前额跳出来(希腊神话中,雅典娜是从宙斯头里蹦出来的智慧女神。——译注)的假象,”我们的书评人写道。“布莱特以故事讲述与分析的绝技将这种虚假拆解开来。”
  AMERICAN EDEN: David Hosack, Botany, and Medicine in the Garden of the Early Republic, by Victoria Johnson (Liveright/W.W。 Norton)
  《美国伊甸园:早期共和国园林中的戴维·霍萨克、植物与药材》(American Eden: David Hosack, Botany and Medicine in the Garden of the Early Republic),维多利亚·约翰逊(VICTORIA JOHNSON)著,利夫莱特出版社(Liveright)
  In this book about the doctor-botanist who in the 1800s assembled a 20-acre plant collection where Rockefeller Center is today, Johnson weaves in “threads of history — political, medical and scientific — and the tale of an up-and-coming New York City,” our reviewer wrote。
  本书讲述了这位在19世纪建起一片20公顷植物收藏园的医生兼植物学家的故事,约翰逊在其中编织着“各种历史线索——政治的、医学的、科学的——以及即将到来的纽约故事”,我们的书评人写道。
  CIVILIZING TORTURE: An American Tradition, by W。 Fitzhugh Brundage (Belknap Press/Harvard University Press)
  《酷刑的文明化:一项美国传统》(CIVILIZING TORTURE: An American Tradition),菲茨休·布伦戴奇(Fitzhugh Brundage)著,贝尔纳普出版社/哈佛大学出版社(Belknap Press/Harvard University Press)
  This book chronicles the history of torture in the United States from before colonization to the present。 Brundage argues that “the process by which torture is rendered invisible by euphemism and erasure, bolstering a myth that this country is ‘civilized,’ is an enduring American tradition,” according to a reviewer for The Los Angeles Times。
  本书按时间顺序记载了从殖民时期之前至今的美国酷刑历史。布伦戴奇认为,“通过委婉语和消除痕迹使酷刑遁于无形的过程支撑着美国是个‘文明’国家的迷思,这是一项久远的美国传统,”根据《洛杉矶时报》(Los Angeles Times)一名书评人的表述。
  Biography
  自传
  Winner: THE NEW NEGRO: The Life of Alain Locke, by Jeffrey C。 Stewart (Oxford University Press)
  获奖作品:《新黑奴:阿兰·洛克的生平》(The New Negro: The Life of Alain Locke),杰弗里·C·斯图尔特(Jeffrey C。 Stewart)著,牛津大学出版社(Oxford University Press)
  This “majestic biography” is “more than a catalog of this now largely overlooked philosopher and critic’s achievements,” our reviewer wrote。 Stewart, a historian and professor of black studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara, “also renders the tangled knot of art, sexuality and yearning for liberation that propelled Locke’s work。”
  这部“宏伟的传记”远不只是在“罗列这位如今被严重忽视的哲学家和批评家的成就,”我们的书评人写道。加州大学圣芭芭拉分校(University of California, Santa Barbara)从事黑人研究的历史学家、教授斯图尔特“还讲述了洛克研究工作的动力来源,也就是一个艺术、性和自由之渴望交织的不解之结。”
  PROUST’S DUCHESS: How Three Celebrated Women Captured the Imagination of Fin-de-Siècle Paris, by Caroline Weber (Alfred A。 Knopf)
  《普鲁斯特的公爵夫人:三个著名女人如何抓住世纪末巴黎的想象力》(Proust’s Duchess: How Three Celebrated Women Captured the Imagination of Fin-de-Siècle Paris),卡罗琳·韦伯(Caroline Weber)著,阿尔弗雷德·A·克诺普夫
  Weber “describes not only the three women, but an enormous cast of the dandies, decadents, artists, writers, musicians and financiers of the fin de siècle,” our reviewer wrote, adding that “while the book is long and weighty, it is never dull。”
  我们的书评人写道,韦伯“不仅描述了这三位女性,还描述了世纪末的许多花花公子、颓废者、艺术家、作家、音乐家和金融家,”并补充说,“虽然这本书篇幅长、分量重,但绝不枯燥。”
  THE ROAD NOT TAKEN: Edward Lansdale and the American Tragedy in Vietnam, by Max Boot (Liveright/W.W。 Norton)
  《未走的路:爱德华·兰斯代尔与美国的越南大悲剧》(The Road Not Taken: Edward Lansdale and THE American Tragedy in Vietnam),马克斯·布特(Max Boot)著,利夫莱特/W·W·诺顿
  In this “judicious and absorbing” biography of Edward Lansdale, an intelligence officer who held a different, arguably more humane view of how the Vietnam War could have been approached, “what emerges is a picture of a man who from an early point possessed an unusual ability to relate to other people, a stereotypically American can-do optimism, an impatience with bureaucracy and a fascination with psychological warfare,” our reviewer wrote。
  这部“审慎而引人入胜”的传记是关于爱德华·兰斯代尔的,这位情报官员对越南战争的起因有着与众不同的、可以说更有人情味的观点,书中“浮现出一个男人的形象,他很早就拥有异乎寻常的同情心,有着美国人典型的乐观进取,对官僚主义感到不耐烦,以及对心理战的迷恋,”我们的书评人写道。
  Poetry
  诗歌
  Winner: BE WITH, by Forrest Gander (New Directions)
  获奖作品:《同在》(Be With),福雷斯特·甘德(Forrest Gander)著,新方向(New Direction)
  In many ways, the focus of this “plangent, thrumming” collection “is strikingly inward, showing how grief sounds in the body, mapping paths, making previously hidden regions visible,” our reviewer wrote。 “In another sense, Gander’s poems are public howls that trace a luminous borderland where the self dissolves into the world。”
  从很多方面来看,这部“哀鸣、萧瑟”的诗集“显然聚焦于内心,展现了悲伤如何在身体里发出声音,筹画出路径,让以往隐藏的区域变得清晰可见,”我们的书评人写道。“从另一个意义上说,甘德的诗歌是一种公开的呐喊,它描绘了一种自我融入世界的灿烂边缘地带。”
  FEELD, by Jos Charles (Milkweed Editions)
  《菲尔德》(Feeld),乔斯·查尔斯(Jos Charles)著,米尔克威德出版社(Milkweed Editions)
  “Charles, a trans woman, turns to a sort of Chaucerian-texting hybrid in an inspired effort to find language as unstable as her experience,” we wrote in our New & Noteworthy column。
  “查尔斯,一个跨性别女性,为了寻找和她的经历一样不稳定的语言,最后使用了一种乔叟式短信的混合文体,”我们在“新书与值得关注的书”专栏中写道。
  LIKE, by A。 E。 Stallings (Farrar, Straus and Giroux)
  《正如》(Like),A·E·斯托林斯(A.E。 Stallings)著,法勒、斯特劳斯和吉鲁(Farrar, Straus and Giroux)
  In this collection, “we get the rhyming wit one expects from Stallings, although in the best poems here that wit is attractively darkened by experience,” said our poetry columnist, who named this one of the best poetry collections of 2018。
  在这本诗集中,“我们从斯托林斯那里得到了意料中的那种押韵的风趣,不过在本书最好的诗里,体验会以迷人的方式令风趣黯然失色,”我们的诗歌专栏作者说,这本诗集被评为2018年最佳诗集之一。
  General Nonfiction
  一般非虚构类
  Winner: AMITY AND PROSPERITY: One Family and The Fracturing of America, by Eliza Griswold
  获奖作品:《和睦与繁荣:一个家庭与美国的分裂》(AMITY AND PROSPERITY: One Family AND The Fracturing of America),伊丽莎·格里斯沃尔德(Eliza Griswold)著
  The winning book tells the story of the social, physical and financial toll of fracking on a Pennsylvania town。 Parts of the book “read as intimately as a novel, though its insidious, slow-motion ordeal is all too real,” our reviewer wrote。
  这本获奖书讲述了水力压裂法对宾夕法尼亚州一个小镇造成的社会、物质和经济损失。这本书的某些部分“读起来像小说一样紧凑,尽管暗中的缓慢折磨实在是太真实了,”我们的书评人写道。
  IN A DAY’S WORK: The Fight to End Sexual Violence Against America’s Most Vulnerable Workers, by Bernice Yeung (The New Press)
  《一天的工作:结束对美国最弱势工人的性暴力的斗争》(In a Day’s Work: The Fight to End Sexual Violence Against America’s Most Vulnerable Workers),伯妮斯·杨(Bernice Yeung)著,新出版(The New Press)
  In this book, Yeung turns her attention to sexual harassment against women farmworkers, domestic workers and janitors — groups of women who are typically left out of conversations around sexual violence and the #MeToo movement。 Yeung’s exposé is “a bleak but much-needed addition to the literature on sexual harassment in the U.S。,” according to a reviewer in The New York Review of Books。
  在这本书中,杨把她的注意力转向对农场女工、家政女工和清洁工的性骚扰——这些女性群体通常被排除在性暴力和“#我也是”运动的讨论之外。杨的揭露“是对美国性骚扰文学的一个凄凉但急需的补充,”《纽约书评》(New York Review)的一位书评员写道。
  RISING: Dispatches from the New American Shore,” by Elizabeth Rush (Milkweed Editions)
  《崛起:来自新美国海岸的快讯》(RISING: Dispatches from the New American Shore),伊丽莎白·拉什(Elizabeth Rush)著,米尔克威德出版社
  Rush’s book is first and foremost “a book about language,” our reviewer wrote, specifically creating “a new vocabulary” to understand climate change and the natural world。 “Rush captures nature with precise words that almost amount to poetry; the book is further enriched with illuminating detail from the lives of those people inhabiting today’s coasts。”
  拉什的书首先主要是“一本关于语言的书”,我们的书评人写道,特别是创造了理解气候变化和自然世界的“一整套新词汇”。“拉什用几乎等同于诗歌的精确词汇捕捉自然;书中还充满了当今沿海地区居民们的生活细节。”
  作者:Concepción de León
  翻译:李建芳、晋其角
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